Darren Aronofsky, the director of Black Swan and Requiem for a Dream, has released the first episodes of an AI-generated animated series through his Primordial Soup studio, and the response from viewers and fellow filmmakers has been scathing, with critics labeling it “AI slop” and a “complete betrayal of cinema.”
When we covered Aronofsky’s partnership with Google DeepMind last year, there was genuine curiosity about what one of cinema’s most visually distinctive directors might do with generative AI tools. Now we have an answer, and it’s not what anyone expected. On This Day… 1776, a weekly series chronicling the American Revolution on its 250th anniversary, premiered on TIME’s YouTube channel on January 29 with two episodes. The comment sections filled up quickly, and not with praise.
Before we dive in deeper – watch for yourself:
The production model
According to Variety, the series uses a hybrid workflow that combines “traditional filmmaking tools and emerging AI capabilities” from Google DeepMind. The visuals are generated by artists using various AI tools, while SAG-AFTRA union actors provide the voice performances. Composer Jordan Dykstra created an original score, and Primordial Soup’s post-production team handled editing, color grading, and mixing.
The writers room is led by Lucas Sussman, with Aronofsky serving as executive producer. Deadline reports that the production utilized Salesforce’s Slack platform to coordinate its global team of writers, designers, and AI specialists. Salesforce also serves as the series sponsor, a detail worth noting since Salesforce co-founder Marc Benioff and his wife Lynne Benioff own TIME magazine.
The first episode, “January 1: The Flag,” dramatizes George Washington raising the Grand Union Flag on Prospect Hill. The second, “January 10: Common Sense,” follows Thomas Paine’s arrival in the colonies and Benjamin Franklin encouraging him to write the pamphlet that would help galvanize the independence movement.
What viewers are actually seeing
The critical response has been unsparing. The Guardian’s Stuart Heritage described Benjamin Franklin’s AI-generated appearance as looking “as if someone has genetically spliced Hugh Laurie with Anthony Hopkins, and then covered the resulting monstrosity in a thin layer of roving liver spots.” He noted that the series relies heavily on shots showing characters from behind, presumably because AI-generated faces remain the technology’s most obvious weakness.
“AMERICA” becomes “AAMEREEDD” … Image credit: Primordial Soup / Time Studios
From my own observation, I also want to highlighted specific technical failures: text on the Common Sense pamphlet becomes illegible in several shots, with “AMERICA” visibly warping into “AAMEREEDD” in one instance. Everything also looks like it went through an HDR process (typical for AI imagery) and there is also a jarring effect of constant cuts and short clip lengths, which likely reflect current limitations in AI video generation rather than creative choices.
Steven S. DeKnight, showrunner of Daredevil: Born Again, publicly called the series “a complete betrayal of cinema”, while YouTube comments have been overwhelmingly negative. The irony that keeps surfacing in the discourse: the only element that actually works is the human voice acting, which can be seen as a move to appease the critics.
The AI version of Benjamin Franklin in “On This Day… 1776”, with a distinct Anthony Hopkins-eske appearance. Image credit: Primordial Soup / Time Studios
The uncomfortable context
This project arrives at a particularly fraught moment. SAG-AFTRA is preparing to begin contract negotiations with the AMPTP, and AI protections remain a central concern for performers. The decision to use union voice actors while replacing virtually everything else with AI generation hasn’t gone unnoticed.
There’s also the question of what AI-generated historical figures are actually based on. The Guardian noted that the depiction of Thomas Paine appears to flash through multiple recognizable actor likenesses, with Ralph Fiennes, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Matthew Macfadyen all seemingly present in the composite. Less than two years ago, Scarlett Johansson hired legal counsel after noticing an OpenAI voice that was “eerily similar” to hers. Whether actors will pursue similar concerns over AI-generated visual likenesses remains to be seen.
What this means for AI filmmaking
Ben Bitonti, President of TIME Studios, framed the project as “a glimpse at what thoughtful, creative, artist-led use of AI can look like,” adding that the goal is “not replacing craft, but expanding what’s possible.” That’s a harder argument to make when the craft being replaced is so visibly missed.
The technology behind tools like Google’s Veo 3 and Flow continues to advance rapidly. But On This Day… 1776 demonstrates the gap between what AI video generation can technically produce and what audiences will actually accept as storytelling. Working professionals already know this; the question was whether a high-profile release would change the conversation. If anything, it’s reinforced the skepticism.
For filmmakers trying to navigate this landscape responsibly, the approach matters as much as the technology. Drew Geraci’s Directing the Future: Ethical AI Video for Filmmakers course on MZed (our sister company) covers hybrid production techniques that combine AI-generated elements with live-action footage, emphasizing creative ownership and transparency rather than wholesale replacement of traditional craft. The course receives regular updates as the technology evolves. Similarly, our Efficient Filmmaker series explores how emerging tools, including AI-assisted previsualization and 3D location scanning, can enhance production planning without displacing the human creative process. These courses are continuously updated to reflect the rapidly changing toolset.
The difference between those approaches and what we’re seeing in On This Day… 1776 is instructive. One treats AI as a tool within a broader creative workflow; the other appears to treat it as a replacement for that workflow entirely.
Thomas Paine as depicted in “On This Day… 1776”, AI generated using Google Veo 3. Image credit: Primordial Soup / Time Studios
Looking ahead
Aronofsky and TIME are committed to releasing episodes weekly through the end of 2026, with each installment timed to the 250th anniversary of the historical event it depicts. That’s a long runway, and the technology will certainly improve as the series progresses.
But first impressions have a way of defining projects, and this one landed badly.
The series is streaming on TIME’s YouTube channel. We’re curious what you think: does the involvement of a respected filmmaker change how you view AI-generated content, or does it make the quality issues more disappointing? And do you see a future where this technology actually serves narrative filmmaking, or is character-driven visual storytelling simply not something AI can do? Let us know in the comments below.